Successfully conservative treatment of large cervical choriocarcinoma with profuse vaginal bleeding.

Primary choriocarcinoma of the uterine cervix is a rare disease. The accurate diagnosis of such a disease is difficult to achieve because of its rarity. Furthermore, the majority of cases presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding that could be caused by other more common conditions including, threatened abortion, cervical polyp, cervical pregnancy, or cervical cancer. In the present report, the authors present a case of large cervical choriocarcinoma with life-threatening vaginal bleeding, which was initially misdiagnosed as a cervical cancer The active cervical bleeding was successfully controlled with selective uterine arterial embolization. Remission of cervical choriocarcinoma was accomplished with combination chemotherapy without the need of hysterectomy.

Clinical relevance of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance by the 2001 bethesda system: experience from a cervical cancer high incidence region.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the underlying lesions and factors predicting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2+ in women who had 'atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance' (ASC-US) on cervical cytology in the region with a high incidence of cervical cancer. This study was prospectively conducted at Chiang Mai University Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand. All women with ASC-US cytology undergoing colposcopic evaluation between October 2004 and August 2008 were recruited. During the study period, 208 women were enrolled. Mean age was 44.4 years. The histopathologic results at the initial evaluation were as follows: CIN 2-3, 21 (10.1%); adenocarcinoma in situ, 3 (1.4%); cancer, 5 (2.4%); CIN 1, 26 (12.5%); and no lesions, 153 (73.6%). Multivariate analysis revealed that nulliparity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] =4.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04-16.10) and current oral contraceptive use (aOR=2.85; 95%CI= 1.14-7.15) were independent predictors for having CIN 2+ at the initial colposcopy. At the median follow-up time of 6.7 months, CIN 2-3 lesions were additionally detected in 2 women. In conclusion, ASC-US cytology in our population has a relatively high prevalence of underlying invasive carcinoma. Nulliparity and current oral contraceptive use are independent predictors for harboring CIN 2+.

Underlying histopathology of HIV-infected women with squamous cell abnormalities on cervical cytology.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the underlying histopathology of HIV-infected women who had abnormal cervical cytology. HIV-infected women with abnormal cervical cytology undergoing colposcopy at Chiang Mai University Hospital between January 2001 and February 2008 were reviewed. The cohorts were matched and compared with an HIV-negative group. During the study period, 65 HIV-infected women with abnormal cervical cytology were available for review. The abnormal cervical smears were atypical squamous cell (9), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (22), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (27), and squamous cell carcinoma (7). When stratified by severity of abnormal cytology, HIV-infected women had a higher risk of having cervical intraepithelial neoplasia II or higher, whether the cervical smear showed low-grade (P=0.01) or high-grade abnormality (P=0.04) compared with the HIV negative group. After adjustment by age, parity, and menopausal status, HIV-infected women had 2.56 times the risk of having CIN II or higher (69.2% of HIV-infected women compared with 47.7% of HIV negative women; 95% CI=1.21-5.40, P=0.01). In conclusion, HIV-infected women with abnormal Pap smears are a population subset with a higher risk of significant cervical lesions, irrespective of the severity of abnormal cervical smears.

Factors predicting occult invasive carcinoma in women undergoing a 'see and treat' approach.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence and independent predictors of unexpected invasive cancer of cervix in women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) on Pap smear who had undergone a 'see and treat' approach. Women with HSIL on cervical cytology undergoing colposcopy, followed by loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) at Chiang Mai University Hospital between January 2001 and April 2006 were analyzed. During the study period, 446 women were identified. Mean age was 45.6 years (range, 25-75 years). One hundred and twenty-one (27.1%) women were postmenopausal. Unsatisfactory colposcopy was observed in 357 (80.0%) women. Of the 446 women, 76 (17.04%, 95% CI=13.67 to 20.86) had invasive lesions on LEEP specimens. Multivariate analysis revealed that unsatisfactory colposcopy and premenopausal status were statistically significant independent predictors for invasive lesions in a 'see and treat' LEEP with an adjusted odds ratio of 4.68 (95%CI=1.82 to 12.03, P<0.01) and 2.10 (95%CI=1.12 to 3.94, P=0.02), respectively. In conclusion, occult invasive lesion of the cervix was noted in 17% of women with HSIL Pap smear who underwent a 'see and treat' approach at our institute. Unsatisfactory colposcopy and premenopausal status were significant independent predictors of having such lesion.

Incidence and predictors of febrile morbidity after radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for early stage cervical cancer patients.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence and independent predictors for febrile morbidity after radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. Patients with FIGO stage IB-IIA cervical cancers who had undergone RHPL at Chiang Mai University Hospital between January 2003 and December 2005, were reviewed. The clinical variables including the age at diagnosis, menopausal status, body mass index, previous cervical conization, tumor size, preoperative chemotherapy, preoperative anemia, operative time, and estimated blood loss were analyzed for prediction of postoperative febrile morbidity. During the study period, 357 women were reviewed. The mean age was 44.7 years. Sixty-five (18.2%) women were postmenopausal. The majority of women (77.3%) were in FIGO stage IB1. The most common histology was squamous cell carcinoma (69.2%). Febrile morbidity was noted in 94 women (26.3%, 95% CI= 21.8-31.2) in whom 25 (7.0%) had urinary tract infection (19), abdominal wound infection (4), and vaginal cuff infection (2), respectively. Only massive blood loss (>1,500 ml) was noted as the significantly independent predictor for febrile morbidity (aOR= 2.7, 95% CI=1.1-6.6, P=0.028). In conclusion, approximately one-fourth of the women undergoing RHPL at our institute had postoperative febrile morbidity. Only massive blood loss is a significant predictor for this complication.

Human immunodeficiency virus infection in women undergoing treatment for cervical neoplasia: prevalence and the feasibility of routine screening.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the feasibility of routine HIV screening in women undergoing various treatment of cervical neoplasia at Chiang Mai University Hospital between October 2004 and October 2006. Four hundred and ninety five women were recruited for HIV screening with the opt-out approach performed. In this study, thirty-seven (7.47%) women had a previous diagnosis of HIV infection with a mean duration 4.16 years (range: 1-15 years). The remaining 458 women consented to have an HIV test. Six women (1.31%) were newly identified as HIV seropositive, giving an overall prevalence of 8.69%. In conclusion, the prevalence of HIV infection in this study was considerably high and routine HIV screening is feasible because of the high acceptance rate.

Appropriate interval for repeat excision in women undergoing prior loop electrosurgical excision procedure for cervical neoplasia.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of intervals on complications and pathological examination in women undergoing a repeat loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) for cervical neoplasia. During October 2004 and January 2007, 78 women who had undergone repeat LEEP at Chiang Mai University Hospital, were prospectively evaluated. The mean age was 47.5 years (range; 27-69 years). The mean duration of uncomplicated vaginal bleeding was 4.4 days (range; 1-20 days). The occurrence of persistent vaginal bleeding was noted in 9 women. Among 78 women, 2 (2.56%) and 7 (8.97%) experienced intraoperative and postoperative hemorrhage, respectively. Six (7.69%) had postoperative infection. These complications were not significantly different from those observed in women undergoing first LEEP in the same period (P=0.56). There was no significant difference in the incidence of perioperative complications and the incidence of non-evaluable cone margins among women who undergoing repeat LEEP within 4-6 weeks, between 6-8 weeks, and more than 8 weeks after first LEEP. In conclusion, repeat LEEP could be safely performed 4-12 weeks after the first procedure without any impact on pathological specimen examination.

How can the overtreatment rate of "see and treat" approach be reduced in women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion on cervical cytology?

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and predictors of overtreatment in "see and treat" approach using loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) in women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) on cervical cytology. The overtreatment was considered when LEEP specimens contained no cervical pathology. Between January 2001 and April 2006, 446 women with HSIL on Pap smear underwent colposcopy followed by LEEP at Chiang Mai University Hospital. Mean age of these patients was 45.6 years with a range of 25-78 years. One hundred and twenty-one (27.1%) women were menopausal. Unsatisfactory colposcopy was observed in 357 (80.0%) women. Of 446 women, histologically-confirmed HSIL, invasive cancer, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and adenocarcinoma in situ were detected in 330 (74.0%), 76 (17.0%), 9 (2.0%), and 5 (1.1%), respectively. The overtreatment rate on LEEP specimens was noted in 26 women or 5.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.8 to 8.4) of 446 women. By multivariate analysis, postmenopausal status was the only significant independent predictor of overtreatment with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.89 (95% CI = 1.30 to 6.43, P = 0.009). When postmenopausal women were excluded from analysis, the overtreatment rate was reduced to only 4.0%. In conclusion, "see and treat" approach appears to be an appropriate strategy in managing women with HSIL cytology. The overtreatment rate could be reduced when such policy is limited for premenopausal women.

Factors affecting residual lesion in women with cervical adenocarcinoma in situ after cone excisional biopsy.

The objective of this study was undertaken to evaluate the factors affecting residual lesion in women with adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) on cervical conization specimens. The medical records of women with AIS who had no associated invasive carcinoma after cervical conization and underwent subsequent hysterectomy at Chiang Mai University Hospital were reviewed. During March 1998 and March 2006, 45 women were included for analysis. The mean age was 45.2 years (range, 30-66 years). Thirteen (28.9%) women presented with AIS on Pap smear. Thirty (66.7%) underwent loop electrosurgical excision procedure and the remaining 15 (33.3%) underwent cold-knife conization. Twenty (44.4%) women had mixed lesions of AIS and squamous intraepithelial lesion on cervical specimens. Surgical cone margins were clear in 25 (55.6%) women. Eighteen (40%) and two (4.4%) women had involved and non-evaluable cone margins, respectively. Residual lesion was noted in 14 (31.1%) hysterectomy specimens. There was no residual lesion in women with clear cone margins while 72% and 50% of women with involved and non-evaluable cone margins, had residual lesion, respectively. These differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). No significant association between the ECC results and the residual lesion was noted (P=0.29). In conclusion, approximately one-third of women with AIS on cervical conization have residual lesion on subsequent hysterectomy specimens. Only cone margin status is a significant predictor for residual lesion.

Benefit of electrocardiography during front-line combination paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy for epithelial ovarian cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the patterns of electrocardiography (ECG), cardiac risk factors and its clinical consequence in women with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) who received paclitaxel and carboplatin (PC) as front line chemotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The medical records and electrocardiographic data of women with EOC who received paclitaxel (175 mg/min2) and carboplatin (AUC=5) every 3 weeks at Chiang Mai University Hospital between January 2000 and December 2004 were reviewed for cardiac risk factors and clinical consequence. RESULTS: Among 79 women receiving PC for EOC, 43 (54.4%) had cardiac risk factors. Seventy (88.6%) women had normal ECG, the remaining nine had sinus tachycardia (5), bundle branch block (2), mild T inversion (1), and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (1) before the first course of chemotherapy. Among 70 women with normal initial ECG 8 (11.4%) had sinus tachycardia, one (1.4%) had early depolarization, two (2.9%) had sinus bradycardia and three (4.3%) had sinus arrhythmia in subsequent ECG All these cardiac disturbances were asymptomatic and needed no intervention, indicating grade I toxicity. The odds ratio of developing abnormal ECG in women with cardiac risk factor was 1.24 (95% CI = 0.33 to 4.64, p = 0.77). Among nine patients with abnormal ECG before the first course of PC, six (66.7%) had subsequent abnormal ECG but all were asymptomatic and no worsening of abnormal ECG pattern was noted. CONCLUSION: Although paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy could induce abnormal ECG in women with either normal or abnormal prior ECG, its consequence was of no clinical significance. Therefore, the benefit of ECG before each treatment course was theoretically limited.

Can adenocarcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix be predicted before cervical conization?

This study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear, colposcopically-directed biopsy (CDB), and endocervical curettage (ECC) in preconization detection of adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) of the uterine cervix. Women, whose cervical conization specimens contained adenocarcinoma in situ without any associated invasive lesion at Chiang Mai University Hospital between March 1998 and March 2006, were reviewed. During the study period, fifty-one women who matched the study inclusion were identified. Glandular abnormality was detected by Pap smears in 22 women (43.1%). Among 29 women with squamous lesions on Pap smears, 9 additional glandular abnormalities were detected on CDB and/or ECC. In total, glandular abnormality was suspected in 31 women (60.8%) preoperatively. According to the histological type of AIS, glandular abnormality suspected from preoperative evaluation was noted in 20 women (70.4%) who had pure AIS. Among women with mixed AIS/HSIL, only 12 women (50.0%) had preoperative evaluation suggesting glandular abnormality. These data demonstrate that the sensitivity of combining Pap smear, CDB and/or ECC in detecting glandular lesions before conization containing AIS appears to be suboptimal. Further study concerning the improvement of detecting AIS before conization is warranted to select the most appropriate diagnostic conization method for such lesions.

Limited value of vaginal cytology in detecting recurrent disease after radical hysterectomy for early stage cervical carcinoma.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the value of vaginal cytology in routine surveillance for recurrent cervical cancer after surgery. We reviewed the medical records of 565 patients with stage IB-IIA cervical cancer who were treated with radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy (RHPL) and attended follow- up at Chiang Mai University Hospital between January 2000 and May 2006. With the median follow-up of 35 months (range 1-76 months), 23 (4%) patients developed recurrence. The interval from surgery to detection of recurrence ranged from 5-61 months with a median of 23 months. Of the total 4,376 vaginal smears, 5 (0.1%) showed abnormal cytology but only 1 had malignant cells and tumor recurrence. The sensitivity and specificity of vaginal cytology for detection of recurrence were 4.3% and 99.3%, respectively. In conclusion, vaginal cytology has limited value in detection of recurrence after RHPL for early-stage cervical cancer.

High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion with endocervical cone margin involvement after cervical loop electrosurgical excision: what should a clinician do?

This study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence and severity of residual lesions in women featuring high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) histology with endocervical cone margin involvement after the loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). The medical records of women undergoing LEEP at Chiang Mai University Hospital between October 2004 and February 2006 were retrospectively reviewed and 74 cases were identified. Nineteen women were excluded because of loss to follow-up. The remaining 4 were referred to other hospitals and 2 declined re-excision, leaving a study population of 55 women for analysis. Mean age+/-SD of the patients was 48.5+/-8.9 years. Residual lesions were noted in 26 (47.3%, 95%CI=33.7 to 61.2). Four (7.3%) had unrecognized invasive cervical carcinoma in subsequent specimens. In conclusion, approximately half of women with positive endocervical cone margins after LEEP for HSIL histology have residual disease. Repeat diagnostic excision is recommended for evaluation of lesions and severity.

Clinicopathologic analysis of women with synchronous primary carcinomas of the endometrium and ovary: 10- year experience from Chiang Mai University Hospital.

The aim of this study was to analyze the clinicopathologic features and survival outcomes of women with synchronous primary carcinomas of the endometrium and ovary that were treated at Chiang Mai University Hospital between January 1995 and December 2004. During the study period, 43 women with such tumors were identified. These carcinomas accounted for 0.58% (95%CI=0.42-0.79%) of all gynecologic malignancies. Median age at diagnosis was 49 years (range: 34-60 years). Median body mass index (BMI) was 21.6 kg/m2(range: 15.5-27.7 kg/m(2)). The majority of women (65%) were premenopausal. The most common presenting symptom was abnormal uterine bleeding (42%), followed by a pelvic mass (30%). Twenty-seven (62.8%, 95%CI= 46.7-77.0%) women had concordant endometrioid carcinomas of the endometrium and ovary. Five (11.6%) women experienced tumor recurrence with median follow up 39 months (range: 1-85 months). The overall 5-year survival was 85.2%. There was no significant difference in survival outcomes among the women who had endometrioid/endometrioid histology and those who had other histological subtypes (P=0.674). In conclusion, synchronous primary carcinomas of the endometrium and ovary, although uncommon, should be considered in differential diagnosis in premenopausal women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding and ovarian tumors. The prognosis of patients with these tumors appears excellent.

Radical surgery for T1 and T2 squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva through separate incisions.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to retrospectively evaluate treatment results in patients with T1 and T2 vulvar carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The medical records of 46 patients with T1 and T2 SCC of the vulva undergoing radical excision of the tumor and groin node dissection at Chiang Mai University Hospital between January 1998 and December 2004 were reviewed. The tumor size, histologic grade, nodal status, lymph-vascular space invasion, lesion location, surgical marginal status, complications, recurrence and survival were analyzed. RESULTS: Mean age of the 46 patients (T1 = 15, T2 = 31) was 59 years with a range of 34-84 years. The incidence of lymph node metastases for T1 lesions was 13% compared to 35% for T2 lesions. Twenty nine patients (63%) experienced surgical complications, the most common one was lymphedema (16) while wound breakdown was noted in only 1 patient. With a median follow-up of 15 months, 14 patients (30%) developed recurrence, 3 (20%) and 11 (35%) in patients with T1 and T2 lesions respectively. The overall 5-year disease-free survival and 5-year survival were 37% and 40%, respectively. The 5-year survival of patients with T1 lesion was significantly higher than that of patients with T2 lesion (64% vs 31%, P = 0.04). Patients with negative nodes had significantly better survival than those with positive nodes (56% vs 18%, P = 0.02). In multivariable analysis, only the status of groin node remained as independent prognostic factors for survival. CONCLUSION: Radical excision and groin node dissection through separate incision for T1 and T2 squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva in this study has a less favorable survival outcome compared with the literature.

Extent of lymphovascular space invasion and risk of pelvic lymph node metastases in stage IB1 cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the extent of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) is a risk factor for pelvic lymph node metastases in stage IBI cervical cancer. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The clinicopathological data of 397 patients with stage IB1 cervical cancer undergoing radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy (RHPL) at Chiang Mai University Hospital between January 1998 and December 2002 were analyzed. The histology, tumor grade, depth of stromal invasion, uterine corpus involvement, parametrial invasion and LVSI were analyzed for their association with pelvic node metastases. The extent of LVSI was classified as negative, minimal (< 10 LVSI/cervical specimen), and extensive (> or = 10 LVSI/cervical specimen). RESULTS: Of the 397 patients, 146 (36.8%) had tumors containing LVSI, 82 (20.7%) and 64 (16.1%) had minimal and extensive LVSI, respectively. Fifty nine (14.9%) patients had pelvic node metastases. Using multivariable analysis, LVSI (p < 0.001), depth of stromal invasion (p < 0.001), tumor grade (p < 0.001), and parametrial invasion (p < 0.001) were significant predictors of pelvic node metastases. The extent of LVSI either minimal or extensive degree significantly influenced pelvic node metastases. CONCLUSION: The presence of LVSI especially extensive involvement was significantly associated with the risk of pelvic node metastases in stage IB1 cervical cancer.

Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube: A clinicopathologic analysis of 27 patients.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the clinicopathologic features of women with primary fallopian tube carcinoma DESIGN: Descriptive cross sectional study MATERIAL AND METHOD: Twenty-eight women diagnosed with primary fallopian tube carcinoma treated at Chiang Mai University Hospital between January 1997 and December 2004. RESULTS: During the study period, the primary fallopian tube carcinoma accounted for 0.48% of all gynecologic malignancies. Of the 28 patients, one was excluded for unavailable medical records. Mean age at diagnosis was 53 years (range, 38-76 years). Seventeen (63.0%) were menopausal women. The most common clinical presentation was pelvic mass (55%), followed by abnormal vaginal bleeding (18.5%). Hydrops tubae profluens was present in three (11.1%) women. The rare presenting symptoms included pelvic peritonitis and abnormal glandular cells on cervicovaginal smear were noted in one (3.7%) woman of each category. In all women, primary fallopian tube carcinoma could not be diagnosed preoperatively. During the operation, an abnormal tubal lesion was suspected in only eleven (40.7%) women. Histology were serous adenocarcinoma (70.4%), endometrioid adenocarcinoma (22.2%), undifferentiated adenocarcinoma (3.77%) and carcinosarcoma (3.7%). As opposed to epithelial ovarian cancer, the majority of women in the present study were in the early stages of the disease. CONCLUSION: Primary fallopian tube carcinoma is a rare gynecologic malignancy that has various and nonspecific presentations. Definite diagnosis is usually made postoperatively. This malignancy should be considered in differential diagnosis of peri- and postmenopausal women who present with complex adnexal mass, unexplained uterine bleeding, abnormal glandular cells on cervicovaginal smear and complicated pelvic inflammatory disease.

Clinicopathologic predictors of incomplete excision after loop electrosurgical excision for cervical preneoplasia.

The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting incomplete excision after the loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) for evaluation and treatment of cervical neoplasia. Patients with abnormal cervical cytology who underwent colposcopy and LEEP at Chiang Mai University Hospital between October 2004 and July 2005, were retrospectively evaluated. During the study period, 201 patients were eligible for analysis. All cone margin involvement was observed in 44% of the patients (95% CI, 37.3-51.4). Multivariate analysis revealed that invasive cancer on cytology (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] =3.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.03 to 9.00; P=0.02), invasive cancer on LEEP histopathology (aOR=9.73, 95%CI =3.95 to 23.9; P<0.001), and a cone length of less than 10 mm (aOR =1.95, 95%CI =1.04 to 3.66; P =0.03) were significant predictors for any cone margin involvement. For endocervical margin involvement, postmenopausal status and a cone length of less than 10 mm were significant predictors of incomplete excision. In contrast to endocervical margin involvement, postmenopausal status was significantly associated with a decreased risk of ectocervical margin involvement. Invasive cancer on histopathology was a significant predictor of both ecto- and endocervical margin involvement. In conclusion, invasive cancer either on cytology or LEEP specimens and a cone length of less than 10 mm are significant predictors of incomplete excision.

Treatment results of methotrexate and folinic acid as primary chemotherapy for nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of methotrexate and folinic acid (MTX-FA) chemotherapy in patients with nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (NMGTN). MATERIAL AND METHOD: Between 1997 and 2003, a total of 67 patients with NMGTN received treatment at the Chiang Mai University Hospital. Of the 67 patients, 55 were initially treated with methotrexate 1.0 mg/kg intramuscularly (IM) on day 1, 3,5, and 7 and folinic acid 0.1 mg/kg IM on day 2, 4, 6 and 8. Treatment courses were repeated every 14 days. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were analyzed RESULTS: All 55 patients with NMGTN were cured. Of the 55 patients initially treated with MTX-FA, 49 (89%) achieved complete remission. Six (11%) patients developed methotrexate resistance, 3 were cured with actinomycin D, 1 were cured with 5-fluorouracil followed by etoposide, 2 required hystertectomy to attain remission. No serious toxicity was noted CONCLUSION: Methotrexate and folinic acid chemotherapy is highly effective and well-tolerated in treating patients with nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.

Adverse affects of paclitaxel and carboplatin combination chemotherapy in epithelial gynecologic cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the adverse affects of paclitaxel and carboplatin combination chemotherapy. DESIGN: Descriptive cross sectional study MATERIAL AND METHOD: Patients with epithelial cancer of the ovary, fallopian tube and peritoneum treated with paclitaxel and carboplatin combination chemotherapy at Chiang Mai University Hospital between August 2003 and August 2004. RESULTS: Of 224 evaluable cycles in 63 patients treated with paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) and carboplatin (AUC 5), grade 3 and 4 neutropenia occurred in 37.1% or 41.3% of patients. 4.8% of patients experienced febrile neutropenia. Grade 3 and 4 leukopenia occurred in 8.6% of courses and 12.6% of patients. Grade 3 anemia occurred in 5.2% of courses and 9.5% of patients. Grade 3 thrombocytopenia occurred in 2.8% of courses and 9.6% of patients. The nonhematologic adverse affects were rare, however, some adverse events may be potentially life threatening. CONCLUSION: Adverse affects of paclitaxel and carboplatin combination chemotherapy are acceptable and manageable in the majority of patients.